企业数字化转型与劳动收入份额

企业数字化转型与劳动收入份额

Enterprise Digital Transformation and Labor Income Share

《财经研究》2023年49卷第6期 页码：49 - 63 online：2023年6月3日

作者

中：赵春明1 , 班元浩1 , 李宏兵2 , 刘烨2

英：Zhao Chunming1, Ban Yuanhao1, Li Hongbing2, Liu Ye2

作者单位：1. 北京师范大学 经济与工商管理学院，北京 100875; 2. 北京邮电大学 经济管理学院，北京 100876

摘要及关键词

摘要：在新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速的背景下，如何协同推进企业数字化转型和优化收入分配格局，是“十四五”时期乃至更长时期决策者和学术界关心的核心议题。文章基于我国沪深A股上市公司数据，利用文本分析法刻画企业数字化水平，探讨了企业数字化转型对劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现：（1）企业数字化转型显著提升了劳动收入份额，这一结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。（2）影响效应分解显示，这种促进作用主要体现为平均工资的提升，而并未显著提升劳动生产率。（3）机制分析显示，数字化转型与劳动力之间的互补效应占据主导地位，数字化主要通过劳动力配置效率渠道促进劳动收入份额提高。（4）数字化转型对劳动收入份额的影响具有显著的异质性，在议价能力高、信息透明度低、高技术行业以及制造业行业中的作用更加明显；数字化转型在提升雇员和高管薪酬的同时并没有显著扩大内部薪酬差距，并且还存在创新激励效应。文章为数字经济背景下的共同富裕研究提供了新的视角，对于加快推进数字化转型和深化收入分配制度改革具有重要的政策启示。

关键词：数字化转型；劳动收入份额；共同富裕；内部薪酬差距

Summary: The acceleration of the new round of technological revolution, marked by digitalization and intelligence, has had certain impacts on the division of labor, factor allocation and income distribution patterns in society. How to promote the digital transformation of enterprises and optimize income distribution patterns in a concerted manner is a core issue of concern to policy-makers and academics in the 14th Five-Year Plan and beyond. In the face of the impact of the new generation of digital technologies, how should enterprises promote digital transformation? How will labor allocation be adjusted? What is the impact on the share of labor income? To answer these questions, this paper measures the level of enterprise digitalization by text analysis which is based on the data from A-share listed companies in China, and explores the impact of digital transformation on labor income share. The study finds that: Corporate digital transformation significantly improves labor income share, and the improvement is mainly in the form of an increase in average wages, but not a significant increase in labor productivity. The mechanism analysis shows that the complementary effect between digital transformation and labor dominates, with digitalization contributing to a higher labor income share mainly through the labor allocation efficiency channel. Further research finds significant heterogeneity in the impact of digital transformation on labor income share, with a more pronounced effect in the manufacturing industry and industries with high bargaining power, low information transparency and high technology content. In addition, digital transformation enhances employee and executive salaries without significantly widening the internal pay gap, and there is also an innovation incentive effect. This paper provides a new perspective for the study of common prosperity in the context of digital economy, and provides a policy reference for further accelerating digital transformation and deepening the reform of income distribution system. The marginal contributions of this paper are that: First, it systematically examines the impact of digital transformation on labor income share and its mechanism based on both equity and efficiency perspectives, opening up ideas for exploring how to release the digital dividend and deepen the reform of the income distribution system in the context of digital economy. Second, it effectively identifies the causal relationship between digital transformation and labor income share, providing a useful reference for subsequent studies on digital economy and its economic effect. Third, it examines the “polarization” of the employment structure in China at the stage of digital transformation, with important policy implications for the promotion of the sustainable and healthy development of digital economy and the solid promotion of common prosperity.

Key words: digital transformation; labor income share; common prosperity; internal pay gap

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20221014.204

收稿日期：2022-06-27

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目（22AJL012）；国家社会科学基金一般项目（22BJL095）

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