国家治理与粮食安全：基于中国传统荒政思想的考察

国家治理与粮食安全：基于中国传统荒政思想的考察

State Governance and Food Security: A Study on Chinese Traditional Thoughts of Famine Policy

《财经研究》2023年49卷第10期 页码：154 - 168 online：2023年10月3日

作者

中：岳翔宇1 , 夏艳秋2

英：Yue Xiangyu1, Xia Yanqiu2

作者单位：1. 上海财经大学 中国经济思想发展研究院, 上海 200433; 2. 华东师范大学 马克思主义学院, 上海 200241

摘要及关键词

摘要：保障粮食安全是实现经济发展、社会稳定、国家安全的重要基础。抓好粮食生产是保障粮食安全的关键，而良好的国家治理体系是保障粮食安全的前提。主流文献已就事前粮食生产与预防思考、事后冲击评估及政策反思等问题做了大量探讨，但较少关注国家应急治理应采取怎样的事中应对策略以保障粮食安全。为此，文章从思想史角度出发，借鉴粮食获取权理论和国家能力四分法分析中国传统荒政思想的要旨和价值。研究发现：（1）中国传统荒政中增强粮食安全的措施大体可划分为四个维度，即在时间维度上的粮食资源跨周期调节、在空间维度上的粮食资源跨地区调节、在直接权利维度上的贷种借牛和蠲免缓征等措施、在贸易权利维度上的减免商税和以工代赈等措施。（2）中国传统荒政思想已经意识到，落实这些主张需要政府拥有强制能力以维持灾区秩序、汲取能力以提供荒政所需资源、递送能力以实现救荒资源投放、信息决策能力以提升治理质量。（3）中国传统荒政思想的理论价值在于为马克思主义中国化粮食安全理论打通了历史根脉，其实践意义在于从完善国家治理体系角度为中国夯实粮食安全保障提供了历史经验，其世界意义在于为其他发展中国家提供了荒政理念校准、策略体系对照与治理技术参考。

关键词：荒政思想；粮食安全；国家治理；国家能力；应急治理

Summary: Food security is an important issue in state governance. Mainstream social science literature has extensively explored issues such as pre-event food production and preparation, and post-event impact assessment or policy reflection. But less attention has been paid to coping strategies during the event. Therefore, from the perspective of ideological history, there is still a lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding and analyzing Chinese traditional thoughts of famine policy, which is characterized by the consideration of “before, during, and after the event” and has a very rich system of coping strategies. Using Sen’s famine theory of entitlement and deprivation and Tang Shiping’s theory of state capacity, this paper tries to analyze the purpose and guarantee of the traditional thoughts of famine policy. These Chinese traditional thoughts attempt to protect the residents’ entitlement to obtain food by means of cross-cycle regulation of food resources in the time dimension, cross-regional regulation of food resources in the space dimension, grain production support such as seed lending and cattle borrowing in the direct entitlement dimension, and grain circulation support such as tax reduction and exemption in the exchange entitlement dimension. Famine policy should be supported by the coercive capacity to maintain the order of the disaster area, the extractive capacity to raise the resources needed for famine relief, the delivery capacity to grant the relief resources, and the information decision-making capacity to improve the quality of governance. The traditional thoughts of famine policy have some understanding of these aforementioned relationships. The traditional thoughts of famine policy have the theoretical value of passing on the tradition of Chinese economic thoughts and enriching ideological resources for the modernization and sinicization of Marxism, providing inspiration for the improvement of the state governance system and food security, and serving as a contrast of the concept of famine governance, the coping strategy system, and the reference of governance technology to other countries. This paper mainly attempts to innovate in the following three aspects: First, it provides a new perspective to understand the history of the traditional thoughts of famine policy. Second, based on this perspective, a new framework is constructed to analyze how the traditional thoughts of famine policy maintain food security and on which state capability they rely. Third, based on this framework, it enriches theories on food entitlement, state capacity on disaster relief, and discussions on coping strategies, providing important supplements to food security research that emphasizes pre-event food production, and disaster economics that emphasizes post-event impact assessment or policy reflection.

Key words:thoughts of famine policy; food security; state governance; state capacity; emergency governance

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20230815.201

收稿日期：2023-04-27

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目（17AJL006）；上海财经大学创新团队项目（2020110932）

点

这里“阅读原文”，查看更多