启研学社由知名学者担任学术顾问，高校师生与企研数据科学团队联合组建，以大数据资源及相关技术助力中国学术与智库研究为宗旨的研究组织。团队当前的主要目标是挖掘经济社会大数据资源在学术和智库领域的应用价值，开展学术大数据治理研究，以及探索大数据分析技术融入中国经济社会研究的可行进路。
前情提要
在前天的推文中，有学者指出2020年《food policy》上不止一篇关于中国的文章，并提醒在food policy online 发表的还有华中农大闵老师的“Does dietary knowledge affect household food waste in the developing economy of China?；路易斯安那州立大学齐老师“Food waste declined more in rural Chinese households with livestock”。经过内部商议，为保持表述的严谨性，我们将原推文撤掉，改进表述后再重新发布如下：
《food policy》 2020年（Volume 90-Volume 97）共正式发表了104篇文章，其中研究对象为中国的有1篇。此外，以online形式发布的待发表（in Press）文章至少还有两篇（感谢南京财经大学钱龙老师提供的线索）。我们将这三篇文章的标题和摘要翻译出来供学习参考。
Food-away-from-home plate waste in China: Preference for variety and quantity
中国在外就餐的浪费情况:对种类和数量的偏好
Zhigang Xu ᵃ, Zongli Zhang ᵃ, Haiyan Liu ᵇ, Funing Zhong ᵃ Junfei Bai ᶜ, Shengkui Cheng ᵈᵃ College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Chinaᵇ Department of Economics, University of Waterloo, Canadaᶜ College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Chinaᵈ Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaChina is observing a rapid increase of food-away-from-home (FAFH) plate waste along with economic growth.Food waste reduces food use efficiency, exerts pressure on environment and resources, and threatens national food security. This study analyzes the impact of consumers’ preference for variety and restaurants’ dish portions on FAFH plate waste using a survey data from 170 restaurants in Beijing and Lhasa. The primary findings are that higher food variety leads to less plate waste and bigger portion size results in more plate waste.We also observe that increases in consumers’ income lead to more plate waste. Moreover, the Chinese Face-culture plays a significant role on consumers’ plate waste. Serving dishes with suitable portions in restaurants should be incentivized to help reduce both the amount and rate of plate waste. Our results can suggest relevant policy tools to nudge people in forming sustainable consumption behavior and provide valuable implications for reducing food waste and improving food security in China.摘要：
随着经济的增长，中国在外就餐的浪费现象也在迅速增加。食物浪费降低了食物的利用效率，对环境和资源造成压力，威胁到了国家食品安全。本研究通过对北京和拉萨170家餐馆的调查数据，分析了消费者的食品种类偏好和餐馆的菜量对在外就餐食品浪费的影响。研究发现，食物种类越丰富，餐馆菜量越小，在外就餐时的食物浪费现象就越严重。我们还观察到，消费者收入的增加导致了更多的浪费。此外，中国人的面子文化对消费者的食物浪费也有很大的影响。餐馆应鼓励以适当的份量供应菜肴，以帮助减少食物浪费的数量和比率。我们的研究结果可以为引导人们形成可持续的消费行为提供相关的政策工具，并为中国减少食物浪费和提高食品安全提供有价值的启示。
Plate waste;Preference for variety;Portion size;Food-away-from-home
Does dietary knowledge affect household food waste in the developing economy of China?
饮食知识是否影响中国这一发展中经济体的家庭食物浪费问题？
Received 28 August 2019, Revised 4 April 2020, Accepted 5 April 2020, Available online 25 April 2020ShiMin ᵃ, XiaobingWang ᵇ, XiaohuaYu ᶜᵃ College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Chinaᵇ China Center for Agricultural Policy, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Room 418, Wangkezhen Building, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, Chinaᶜ Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, GermanyBased on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data for 2004, 2006, and 2009, this study employs a fixed-effects model to examine the impacts of the dietary knowledge of household food decision makers on the quantity of household food waste in terms of amount and calories levels. Specifically, the interaction effect between dietary knowledge and community development is explored. The results indicate that the dietary knowledge of the household food decision maker significantly impacts food waste and calories loss. With the development of the local community, the impacts of dietary knowledge on household food waste and calories loss seem to decrease. The heterogeneous impacts of dietary knowledge on food waste and calories loss in urban and rural areas and among different income groups are also observed. The findings contribute toward a better understanding of the issues related to household food waste and calories loss in China in the context of economic development and residents’ increasing dietary knowledge.摘要：
本研究基于2004年、2006年和2009年的中国健康与营养调查数据，采用固定效应模型，从数量和热量层面上考察家庭食物决策者的饮食知识对家庭食物浪费数量的影响。具体而言，本文探讨了饮食知识与社区发展间的交互效应。结果表明，家庭食物决策者的饮食知识对食物浪费和热量损失有显著影响。随着当地社区的发展，饮食知识对家庭食物浪费和热量损失的影响似乎有所降低。饮食知识对城乡地区和不同收入群体的食物浪费和热量损失具有异质性影响。研究结果有助于更好地理解在经济发展和居民饮食知识不断提高的背景下中国家庭食物浪费和热量损失的相关问题。Food waste;Calories loss;Dietary knowledge;Community development
Food waste declined more in rural Chinese households with livestock
有牲畜的中国农村家庭食物浪费减少更多
Received 13 August 2019, Revised 30 March 2020, Accepted 31 March 2020, Available online 22 April 2020.DanyiQi ᵃ , WangyangLai ᵇ , Brian E.Roe ᶜᵃ Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Martin D. Woodin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USAᵇ School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 111 Wuchuan Road, Shanghai 200433, Chinaᶜ Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, Ohio State University, 2120 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USAThe ongoing evolution of food waste trends and the intensification of livestock systems in developing economies play a critical role in shaping global sustainability. We explore the linkage between food waste and livestock systems at the household level and how this connection changed in China during the 1990s and 2000s when market liberalization was followed by policies that led to intensification of livestock production. We find the amount of food waste in all rural households declined significantly over this period. Households with livestock, which often use uneaten food for animal feed, created about 75% more food waste than other rural households at the beginning of this period, but experienced significantly greater reductions in food waste and significantly greater increases in animal protein consumption over the study period. We postulate that intensified livestock production led to less uneaten food being used as animal feed and, in response, led to more efficient household consumption including less discarded food. We reject the separability of household livestock production and consumption decisions prior to the onset of livestock intensification, but cannot not reject separability thereafter. We end by discussing the implications of livestock intensification for overall food system sustainability.摘要：
发展中国家食物浪费趋势的持续演变及畜牧业的集约化经营对于全球可持续性发挥着关键作用。我们在家庭层面探讨了食物浪费和畜牧业之间的联系，以及在20世纪90年代和21世纪中国市场自由化后，畜牧业生产集约化背景下这种联系是如何变化的。我们发现，这段时期所有农村家庭的食物浪费显著下降。相比其他农村家庭，有牲畜的家庭经常将未吃完的食物作为动物饲料，在这段时期初期时多产生了约75%的食物浪费；但在研究期间，有牲畜的家庭食物浪费数量显著降低，且动物蛋白消耗量显著增加。我们推测，畜牧业生产集约化导致更少的未吃完的食物被用作动物饲料，因此带来更有效的家庭消费（包括更少浪费食物）。在畜牧业集约化生产开始前，我们拒绝家庭畜牧业生产和消费决策分离，但集约化生产后可以接受。最后我们讨论了畜牧业集约化对整个食物系统可持续性的影响。
Food waste;Livestock;Market liberalization;Livestock intensification;China;Household separability关键词：
食物浪费;畜牧业;市场自由化;畜牧业集约化;中国;家庭可分离性
数据赠送
除此之外，我们还找到了中国2010-2019年的在外用餐统计数据（来源：知网）。
点亮特关小星星
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资料整理丨许晨媛、沈梦露
翻译 | 沈梦露、张惠茹
审核 | 施丹燕、杨奇明
排版编辑丨青酱
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